Hoaxes or fake news are dubious reports, which are mostly spread on social media. Examples would be rumours or conspiracy theories and any misrepresentation of facts. Internet users should be especially careful with sensational reports (e.g. on politically explosive topics) or particularly drastic images. When fake news confirms people’s personal opinions, they are spread massively, because internet users often share the news without reviewing the sources. However, one should always critically evaluate and interpret news before passing it on. If the news turns out to be false, a correction will hardly ever be noticed.

In conclusion, internet users should always consider the source and the topicality of a news item and check how the subject is presented on other websites.